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The leader of the anti-Qing uprising in the early 20th century-South-Sun North-tao, anti-Qing Restore Countrys

     


Home - Expert Forum - Leaders of the Anti Qing Uprising in the Early 20th Century - Nansun Beitao, Anti Qing Restoration, and Centennial Ecology
 


    

 

At the beginning of the last century, at the end of the Qing Dynasty, two great uprising heroes appeared in the South and North, Sun Yat-sen and To-k-tao-hu. Their uprising shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty and contributed to the demise of the autocratic rule that lasted for more than two thousand years.
In the autumn of 2019, we visited and checked the locations of the To-k-tao -hu uprising and fought in the fall of 2019, based on the records in relevant books, positioning, sketching, taking pictures, and forming this text to commemorate.

 

 

The leader of the anti-Qing uprising in the early 20th century-Nansun Beitao, anti-Qing rejuvenation and a century of ecology

    November 12, 2016

Figure 1. Anti-Qing leaders Sun Yat-sen and Tok Taohu, and the political background of farming civilization and nomadic civilization after the fall of the Qing Dynasty.   (oil on canvas)

 

 

 
Figure 2. A portrait of Sun Yat-sen in Tiananmen Square in Beijing in 2021.

 


Figure 3. The statue of Tao Ketao Hu in the Genghis Khan Cultural Park in Songyuan City, Jilin Province in 2019

 

 

Figure 4. Zhang Zuolin, leader of the Qing Dynasty



Qing Dynasty Commander Zhang Zuolin was ordered to encircle and suppress Taoke Taohu
 


Zhang Zuolin, dressed in the Hongxian imperial court uniform

 

 

 

There were two leaders of China’s anti-Qing uprising from 1906 to 1910, Sun Yat-sen (1866-1925) in the south and Taoketaohu (1864-1922) in the north. Together, their uprisings shook the rule of the Qing Dynasty-Sun Yat-sen raised funds in Foreign countries have commanded the Southern Uprising nearly ten times, with repeated defeats and battles; Tauktauhu fought in

 

In the 17th century, the Qing Dynasty (Later Jin Dynasty) invaded the interior of the Great Wall and occupied the territory of the Ming Dynasty. At the end of the 17th century, Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty suppressed Geldan and obtained the imperial seal of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. From then on, the Qing Dynasty occupied the territory of the Ming Dynasty in the interior of the Great Wall and also occupied the grassland land of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. The Mongolian tribes were divided into three major administrative divisions: Inner Mongolia 49 Banners and Outer Mongolia.  
 

Toktahu was born in Guoerluosqianqi, Zhelimu League, Inner Mongolia in Beginning in 1902, the Qing dynasty used the pretext of "immigrants to real borders" in East Mongolia, adding yamen, sending

 

"In 1905, Tauktahu was in conflict with the Qing government because of his opposition to the reclamation of grasslands. In the early morning of September 23, 1906, Tauktahu led his three sons, Deliger, Naima, Nutktu, and his relatives. Eight people including Danzhab, Hada, Zamsu and Fusang, as well as 32 people including righteous friends Saijilahu, Nashunbatu and Erdenidalai, formally sworn uprising, and then attacked Erlong Suokou. The Bureau of Reclamation had seized more than 20 guns. It also raided Maolin Station at 11 o'clock that night, captured and executed 12 Japanese surveying and mapping personnel and the defending soldiers, and   Mongolian General History Taoketao's Armed Anti-Reclamation >

 

From then on, the Tauktao Hu Rebel Army fought against Xu Shichang, governor of the three eastern provinces of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zuolin, guard envoy, and dozens of soldiers from Inner and Outer Mongolia. In 1910, in the battle of Qaidam in Guriban in the northern part of Ximeng, Inner Mongolia, the eldest son of Toktahu, Deliger, died in battle. Toktahu brought 48 people into the Buryat Mongolian tribe on Lake Baikal in Russia. In 1911, Tauktahu arrived in Kulun, the capital of

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The Sun Yat-sen League leads the uprising

 

1905

 

 

 

1906—1910

The Tauktahu uprising and fought in Inner Mongolia and Northeast

 

Sun Yat-sen raised funds overseas and organized about ten uprisings in the south.

The Qing Dynasty died in 1911

 


Tauke Tauhu and Sun Yatsen Alliance uprising and war time comparison table

Tauke Tauhu

 

Sun Yatsen

Born on May 13, 1864, in Guoerluosi Front Banner, Zhelimu League (now Songyuan City, Jilin Province)

 

 

   Born on November 12, 1866 in Xiangshan County, Guangdong Province (now Zhongshan County)

 

In 1900, the Philosophic Wood League governed ten banners including Keerqin 6 Banner and Qianguo'erluosi Banner, and over ten million acres of grassland had been reclaimed in a hundred years.

 

   In 1895 and 1900, Sun Yat sen launched two failed anti Qing armed uprisings.

   In 1905, the leader of the Philosophic Wood Alliance wanted to reclaim land again. Former Guo nobleman Tao Ketaohu petitioned on behalf of the displaced herders and was ordered by the alliance leader to be punished with 50 lashes.

 

In August 1905, Sun Yat sen, under the lead of Yoheihei Ueda, the leader of the Japanese "Black Dragon Association", set up the Chinese Revolutionary League in the tatami room on the second floor of Man's private house on the Tokyo hill, and proposed to "expel the Tartars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, and equalize land rights".

 

From September 1906 to April 1910, the Tao Ke Tao Hu armed uprising took place on the grasslands of Zh é meng and Ximeng in northern China, opposing the joint encirclement and suppression of several thousand troops led by Zhang Zuolin of the Qing Dynasty and Mongolian banner soldiers. After four years of fighting, it greatly shook and held back the military power of the Qing Dynasty in the north, becoming a formidable force against the Sun Yat sen uprising in the south.
In April 1910, Tao Ke Tao Hu fought against the Qing Dynasty's 22 banner army in the ancient Qaidam area of the Western Wu Banner. Tao Ke Tao Hu's eldest son died in battle (since then, three of Tao Ke Tao Hu's sons have died in battle or gone missing). Taoketaohu led 48 people into the Buryat Mongol tribe on Lake Baikal in Russia.
In 1911, after the fall of the Qing Dynasty, Outer Mongolia declared independence and Tao Ke Tao Hu entered Dakulun (now Ulaanbaatar).
On July 19, 1921, Mongolia announced the establishment of a constitutional government (July 11 is Mongolia's National Day until now).

 

 

   From 1905 to 1910, the Sun Yat sen Chinese Revolutionary League launched about 10 uprisings in the south (about 30 days at most), all of which failed.
In 1910, Sun Yat sen went to the United States, Japan, and Malaysia to raise funds and continue planning anti Qing uprisings.
In 1911, the Wuchang Uprising declared independence for 14 southern provinces and led to the downfall of the Qing Dynasty.
On December 29, 1911, representatives from 17 southern provinces elected Sun Yat sen as the interim president of the Republic of China in Nanjing.
On January 1, 1912, Sun Yat sen was sworn in and declared the birth of the Republic of China.

In April 1924, Tao Ke Tao Hu passed away in Dakulun (Ulaanbaatar) and was sky buried in Dalandahul.

 

On March 12, 1925, Sun Yat sen passed away in Beiping (Beijing).

 

Schematic diagram of the positions of Tauktaohu and Sun Yat-sen Alliance in the uprising of Manchu and Qing Dynasty (1906-1910)

 

The Qing Dynasty died in 1911 and the Republic of China In 1911, Kharkha Mongolia declared its "independence" and Tauktahu

 


     
Ecological background

For ten thousand years, there have been two different ecosystems and organisms in central Asia bounded by a 400 millimeter precipitation line: forest ecosystems - hundreds of coniferous and broad-leaved forest belts, as well as deer, elephants, tigers, and rhinoceroses (as evidenced by Henan's ancient name 'Yu'); Grassland ecosystem - low growing thousand species of leguminous plants in the Poaceae family and wild animals such as yellow sheep, marmots, wolves, etc.
For 3000 years, humans in forest ecosystems have cultivated forests and formed agricultural civilizations mainly by feeding on several plant seeds. To this day, almost all of the original forest ecosystems and wildlife have disappeared.

Figure 2: Remote sensing photo shows that the forest ecosystem in North China has basically disappeared

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      Centennial ecological comparison

For ten thousand years, there have been two different ecosystems and organisms in central Asia bounded by a 400 millimeter precipitation line: forest ecosystems - hundreds of coniferous and broad-leaved forest belts, as well as deer, elephants, tigers, and rhinoceroses (as evidenced by Henan's ancient name 'Yu'); Grassland ecosystem - low growing thousand species of leguminous plants in the Poaceae family and wild animals such as yellow sheep, marmots, wolves, etc.
For 3000 years, humans in forest ecosystems have cultivated forests and formed agricultural civilizations mainly by feeding on several plant seeds. To this day, almost all of the original forest ecosystems and wildlife have disappeared.

    Here are the results of our comparative investigation of grassland ecology between China and Mongolia over the past decade, as well as some collected ecological protection data:

Figure 3. Comparison of Grassland Scenery in the Krulun River (Upper Heilongjiang) of Mongolia and Desertification Grassland in the Ulagai River Basin of Inner Mongolia

 


Figure 4: Due to outsiders cutting off the ecological water supply of the Ulagai River, the Ulagai Wetland in the Ujimqin Grassland has become desertified. - (CCTV Focus Interview "Wetlands are Losing", June 23, 2015)

 

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Comparative Study on Grassland Ecological Protection between China and Mongolia, along with Case Comparison Photos:
 
On Figure 5, the scenery of swans in Mongolia (2011)

Photo 5: Over 200 swans poisoned by outsiders in Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia (2016)

 

 

 

    comment

To commemorate the great anti Qing figures, firstly, we need to study and restore history, and learn from it; Secondly, we must continue to follow the "global trend" - advocating ecological civilization, implementing constitutionalism, protecting biodiversity, and advocating sustainable development.

We commemorate the great men who fought against the Qing Dynasty. First, we should study and restore history and take history as a mirror. Second, we should continue to follow the "global trend" -- advocating ecological civilization, implementing constitutional government, protecting biodiversity and advocating sustainable development.

 


 

Reference material:

 

1. General History of the Mongolian Ethnic Group: The Armed Anti Reclamation Uprising Led by Tao Ketao ", Institute of History, Inner Mongolia Academy of Social Sciences, Ethnic Publishing House, 2001 edition

2. Tao Ketao's Deeds "(compiled by Yidu Hesig, Inner Mongolia People's Publishing House, 1962 edition)

3. Comparative Study on the Development Trends of Mongolian Plateau Nomadic Culture "(Yi Jin, Chen Jiqun, Wu Yunqimuge)

4. Mongolian Gazetteer "(written by Takahisa Kashiwara and Junichi Hamada, published in 1919 during the eighth year of the Taisho era)

5. The Legend of Chagan Lake and its Tales from Gorlos (written by Sukhbaaru, Wuyin, and Shandan)

6. Collection of Papers on the Joint Expedition of Grasslands between China and Mongolia (formerly known as Grassland Website)
      
http://cnsteppe.com/go1_steppestudy.htm
 

7. CCTV Focus Interview: Wetlands are Losing, June 23, 2015 Text version
    
http://www.chinanews.com/m/shipin/2015/06-23/news578987.shtml?from=singlemessage