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Ujumchin Tribe and East Ujumchin Banner 

The Ujumchin is an ancient tribe of Mongolia.
   
　

East Ujumchin Banner with an area of 47,300 square kilometers, it is larger than Denmark, Switzerland and the Netherlands.

East Ujumchin grassland ecology :

Vegetation Survey of Mandu Grassland Vegetation List (2005)

   
Plant List number 388: Veronica dahurica Stev.

Tolbot, Genghis Khan's 16th generation descendent, migrated from the Hangai Mountain to the south of the Gobi Desert. Ongondular, Tolbot's the youngest son, began to call his tribe Ujumchin, which means the people of the Grape Mountain, because that was their ancestral homeland before the migration.

During the Tai Zhu years of  Late Jin, Dorji, the head of the Ujumchin tribe, lead his tribe to the Keluren River due  to his dispute with Linden Khan, who was the ruler of the Mongol Tribes at the time. In the first year of Cong De (1636), the Ujumchin tribe submitted to the Qing Dynasty. In the third year of  Shun Zhi (1646), Ujumchin was divided into two banners, Left and Right Wing Banners. The governor of the Left Wing Banner stayed at Kuisutolohai stand at the bank of Orhu River (Ulagai River). In 1934 Ujumchin joined the Xilingol League.

In 1945, Dorji Khan, the head of  Ujumchin Left Wing Banner, led half of the banner's population to the vicinity of the Keluren River in Outer Mongolia after his defeat by the army of Ulanhu, who later became the first governor of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The descendents of Dorji Khan and his followers still lived in the same area in Outer Mongolia today.

In 1946, the Left Wing Banner of Ujumchin was named East Ujumchin Banner. After the liberation, East Ujumchin Banner maintained and developed its traditional animal husbandry. Since 1991 it has been the top county in China in terms of live-stock number.

East Ujumchin Banner is located in the northeastern part of Xilingol league and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

It is 850 kiloneters from Beijing, the capital of "China". It covers an area of 47,326 square kilometers and has a population 57,000, of which 38,000 being Mongolian. The eastern part of East Ujumchin is higher than the western part by topography. The Greater Hinggan Mountain is the main mountain, with a height of 1,500 meters at its Boged Peak.

The major rivers are: the Ulagai, the Seileji, the Hailestai and the Narin (Narrow) Rivers. There are many lakes and springs in East Ujumchin is famous for its fertile pastures. The annual average temperature is below 0 (C), which is well-suited for raising live-stock.

Ujumchin Herdsman   -Chen Jiqun oil painting

　

Map of the Ujumchin Steppe ( East Ujumchin Banner )  ( 1968 ) 

Cultivation of land was forbidden throughout history until 1969, when the Ulagai Cultivation District was established.

After then, Ulagai river berefted and large areas of land to be cultivated  with great damage to the environment.